Ways+of+Knowing

Personal/Generic :

 * ==== Senses ==== || ==== Success [[image:http://www.onecybertech.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/successJump.jpg width="150" height="225"]] ==== || ==== Failure [[image:http://www.demotivation.com/media/jpegs/failure.jpg width="204" height="222"]] ==== ||
 * ==== Sight ==== || ==== If you watch a movie and you remember you saw it before ==== || ==== While walking in hot weathers sometime you imagine water in the floor, mirage. Imaginable ==== ||
 * ==== Taste ==== || ==== If you taste something and remember eating it before ==== || ==== Blinding your eyes and tasting. and guessing a banana but it’s an orange ?! ==== ||
 * ==== Touch ==== || ==== If you remember that a mac pro is soft ==== || ==== if you touch a thing. If you think that this thing is hard, and then it’s soft Imaginable, wrong guess ==== ||
 * ==== Hear ==== || ==== If you hear a dog, and there it is ==== || ==== Hearing music not knowing if they’re real or not. Imaginable ==== ||
 * ==== Smell ==== || ==== If you smell cat food and there it is ==== || ==== if you think that your smelling something. Smelling and apple pie and it’s just an apple Imaginable, the wrong food ==== ||
 * ==== Smell ==== || ==== If you smell cat food and there it is ==== || ==== if you think that your smelling something. Smelling and apple pie and it’s just an apple Imaginable, the wrong food ==== ||

==== In what ways does the biological constitution of a living organism determine, influence or limit its perception? If humans are sensitive only to certain ranges of stimuli, what consequences, including positive attributes and limitations, might this have for the acquisition of knowledge? Provide examples. ====

====Yes, Humans Have limited perception, some of us can't see or walk but in the end all of us have a limit for our vision, hearing and touching, animals in the other side might have the advantage of hearing and seeing better then us. simply the more we have the more we gain.====

====- organizing: arrange into a structured whole, ex: Mary Discovered the first fish and named it a fish, then i found anther fish and take Mary first steps and add what i discover(im not starting from 0).====

Are people’s perceptions the same? How do you know this? Does this invalidate your or another person’s experience? Why might misperceptions occur?
====People perceptions are the same, but we use them the in a different, and everyone has a different believe to what it’s purpose. Because when I look at whiter person then I’m I wouldn’t be surprised but when a brownish person sees the whiter person he will be “ohh my god your so white”, same as to tall and short, fat and thin….====

Us surviving all this time is just a prove for how our perceptions is helping us. We do ignore a lot of our perceptions, like we you think this thing is hot you touch it just to try.
====Yes we do relay in more like those who are right-handed use their right more then left, or for example I’m a person who relies on their hearing more then sight. Normally it’s just because we use them more, like the more, their stronger, we trust them more.====

====Their background and what they believe in. I might believe that god exits even though I can’t see him but others might say if I can’t see it I don’t believe in. those that don't look outside of the box are struggling through out this life. if someone looked outside and after him we tried to look from his view maybe if he didn't prove it we wouldn't have believed it. like the law of gravity. we can't see it, but it's in front of us.====

Skepticism - there is always some reason to doubt our beliefs about reality, or there is reason to think there is more to be told.
==== Representative Realism - perception is a result of the inner representations I have created of the world. To see a bird is to experience the idea of the bird that I have learned and created in a representative form that my senses recreate. There are primary and secondary qualities to the experience; The primary can be agreed upon, the secondary are perceived differently or are dependent on "the user." ==== ==== Idealism - perception is the result of representations, but it goes further to state that we can never truly experience the things we see. Reality plays out as a movie in front of us. Things we experience are merely representations we have created through sense experience but there is no reason to believe the external world exists at all. ==== ==== Phenomenalism - similar to idealism but the phenomenon can exist as experiences even when they are not present. In idealism, when you put the guitar in the closet, you can no longer experience it, in phenomenology, you can still muster the representation and experience it through language (or other forms) even if it is not present. ==== ==== Causal Realism - the world creates our sense experiences. It is part of our biological nature to sense and it helps us map out the world in front of us. The more we learn about that experience, the better our understanding of the world we are in. ====

==== Activity: Make written observations of a piece of art, or a scene, or some object for 5 minutes, then compare lists. What influences can be noticed in each other’s descriptions? What influences your perceptions? Are your statements about the object true? ====

What interested me is that the artist drew an old hand, full of veins and scratches.
====Kind of showing us how imperfect we are. How life will make us think so hard so roundly that we got so old and never answer questions and maybe figure out is that you were just going in circles sometimes out of it but back.====

==== Homework: Write wiki entry on perceptions and truth: If you left the planet and had to explain to an alien what life was like on our planet, what would you say? What might be some of the problems associated with your perceptions? What things would you highlight, what would you not highlight and why? How would you explain that you knew your description was the truth? Provide examples. ====

Hello Alien, life in our planet is extremely difficult. There is no easy way out of anything we do. It’s awful nothing makes us satisfied enough, we are selfish but care what people think of us. We tell the truth but it ends up with million of stories because people lied. We kill, attack and rape people. But in top of that we try our best in fixing these problems - We try to say the truth - We try to forgive - We try to believe in people - We try to improve our lives Everyone is trying to improve somehow, but even though humans have the same perceptions you might notice that we have different ways, ideas, lives, dreams and a way to look at life. ====Over all of humans use perceptions to see, smell, touch, taste and hear, the expanding is when we start to separate. People use their perceptions in many ways. They are not perfect and that’s why Misperception accurse, it happens causally like when you mistake a person for someone and when things seem closer then what they are. But this is where you can improve one perception with anther and this is where technology is extending our perception like microscopes. ==== Now the point of me telling you how not perfect we are is because no one is truly perfect. Telling the truth is what I’m doing, now someone might come and talk about how good we are but that is lie we are not perfect that person isn’t trying to lie he is telling the truth that he thinks of. This is where it becomes complicated every human has it own mind so we can't always agree about the truth.  The truth for humans is what they think in their minds, but if the truth is not what they had in mind or what they wanted to be,  for them it becomes something they fear and hate, they just ignore it or lie about it to earthier get out of trouble, or to make some one happy etc.. And for that we humans let authorities (governments and queens and kings) tell us what the truth is sometimes.

Basically we are denying the unwanted
====You may want a part of the truth and that what you look for but without realizing you ignored a part from truth because you were looking for that part. ====

Some things are called legend because they were never proven to us, even though stories are there!?
<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">but if we never saw a fish, but someone did and told you about you would say that’s a lie, <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> so my point we choose what to believe in. we mostly believe in what doesn't go out side of the box. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> what about legends?! Why are humans so interesting in vampires and knowing if they are real, it's a natural habit of ours <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> we are attracted to discovering the truth, what we don't know. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">it's right humans are tempted to lie and make a better day as they can, were just like that weak, sometimes scary but truth is always going to be hated, if not from you than from someone else it's just how life goes.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">But humans are truly great visit us :)

What is the underlying nature of our emotions? common: In three simple words, the first base in what it means is what you feel, for example Abdullah broke his guitar to that he will start crying because he is sad for his guitar. uncommon: "Emotion is like a tree diagram meaning that the tree starts at emotion, develops into how you feel then into the reaction to your emotion. This reaction could start another cycle of emotion. " main group conclusion
 * The nature of emotions **

When you feel an emotion, how do you know you are feeling that way? Can you explain why you are having this emotion? you feel emotion all the time, ALLL THE TIMEEE, you can never stop feeling sad, bored anything, you can't have no emotions either so this means emotions is something going on until the end.like a circle or a tree(as my group says). i said emotion is like a circle going round and round forever and it all depend on what happens before. for example abdullah broke his gutiar. my group said it's a tree which means it builds up and never have a same emotion because you can never have the same idntical leaf in a tree ( for one situation) so lets take Abdullah situation after his guitar broke: 1. he is sad 2. mad 3. crying 4. hitting stuff. 5.?? this where we got to an argument my circle will allow him to be sad again but the tree is moving on to another feeling he didn't have before. after a huge argument about who is right it turns out that emotion can be many things and that it's a tree within a circle because it is building and going up and down. people have emotions because it's a chemical a brain thing in your mind. and thats why we could never control our emotion but we can control what might happen so that emotion wouldn't be out. "Emotion is like a tree diagram meaning that the tree starts at emotion, develops into how you feel then into the reaction to your emotion. This reaction could start another cycle of emotion. " main group conclusion Describe the process by which you develop an emotion. In what ways do we describe emotions through language? its a process of building up feeling to create an emotion that will mostly go round and round. we describe them in many ways feeling, response, sentiment, reaction, passion, gut feeling. Can you reason about emotions? no, it's one of the thing that we will never really understand no matter how many we try. its like" who came first the chicken or the egg?". What things influence your emotions? situations, personality, time, body, family, brain, friends and hundred of reasons. Are controlling emotions a good or a bad thing? Explain with examples. we can't control emotion we can only control what might happen in the future but not really that much. i can not study and fall a test and then a bunch of feelings will come sad, mad, disappointment or i can study and not fall the a bunch of other emotions will show up happy proud. it;s a good thing because if we can control our emotion we can use them to motivate us How do emotions change as you get older? Why does this happen? you get used to how cruel life might be, the more different emotion show up the more experimented you get. Are emotions influenced by culture? Yes, types of music and how you live your life.

Can emotions affect the way we understand something? Yes, actually it depends on your emotion and how it sounded to you and situation. for example: "razan might tell me no cares about this movie" and i might go and say"no one cares about your mom" mad or i can" no you have to see it its a amazing" peaceful or i can just slap her. ?! emotion also influence our health, if you believe in your self that you can get better you will and like the experment they made they gave group 1 water but told them its the medicine and most of them got better. emotion motivates us.
 * Emotions as obstacle **

Can emotions limit the reliability or even the validity of a knowledge claim? Provide examples. yes, when you mad you don't think what your saying when your so sure you know his thing and it turns out wrong and you start going round and round to make it right. Can emotional responses be misunderstood by others? How do you get around that? yes, like the example i used. Emotions as source Can emotions be an important aspect of creating knowledge? Provide examples. yes, being interested and curies about something What is emotional intelligence? being able to control what might happen in future and being able to cover up you facial expressions Is there such a thing as Intuition? Would you rely on it as a reliable way of knowing? Provide examples. yes, my instinct is based on what i know it;s 100% right but mostly right, just by saying my house from this way to the right so fro this side it's left. Can you classify emotions? What categories could you create? Yes (http://changingminds.org/explanations/emotions/basic%20emotions.htm) What role does emotion play in some of the different areas of knowledge? plays the role of wanting to learn and improve, it motivates us to learn and to achieve goals we want like our dreams and things like that.
 * **Primary emotion** || **Secondary emotion** || **Tertiary emotions** ||
 * **Love** || Affection || Adoration, affection, love, fondness, liking, attraction, caring, tenderness, compassion, sentimentality ||
 * ^  || Lust || Arousal, desire, lust, passion, infatuation ||
 * ^  || Longing || Longing ||
 * **Joy** || Cheerfulness || Amusement, bliss, cheerfulness, gaiety, glee, jolliness, joviality, joy, delight, enjoyment, gladness, happiness, jubilation, elation, satisfaction, ecstasy, euphoria ||
 * ^  || Zest || Enthusiasm, zeal, zest, excitement, thrill, exhilaration ||
 * ^  || Contentment || Contentment, pleasure ||
 * ^  || Pride || Pride, triumph ||
 * ^  || Optimism || Eagerness, hope, optimism ||
 * ^  || Enthrallment || Enthrallment, rapture ||
 * ^  || Relief || Relief ||
 * **Surprise** || Surprise || Amazement, surprise, astonishment ||
 * **Anger** || Irritation || Aggravation, irritation, agitation, annoyance, grouchiness, grumpiness ||
 * ^  || Exasperation || Exasperation, frustration ||
 * ^  || Rage || Anger, rage, outrage, fury, wrath, hostility, ferocity, bitterness, hate, loathing, scorn, spite, vengefulness, dislike, resentment ||
 * ^  || Disgust || Disgust, revulsion, contempt ||
 * ^  || Envy || Envy, jealousy ||
 * ^  || Torment || Torment ||
 * **Sadness** || Suffering || Agony, suffering, hurt, anguish ||
 * ^  || Sadness || Depression, despair, hopelessness, gloom, glumness, sadness, unhappiness, grief, sorrow, woe, misery, melancholy ||
 * ^  || Disappointment || Dismay, disappointment, displeasure ||
 * ^  || Shame || Guilt, shame, regret, remorse ||
 * ^  || Neglect || Alienation, isolation, neglect, loneliness, rejection, homesickness, defeat, dejection, insecurity, embarrassment, humiliation, insult ||
 * ^  || Sympathy || Pity, sympathy ||
 * **Fear** || Horror || Alarm, shock, fear, fright, horror, terror, panic, hysteria, mortification ||
 * ^  || Nervousness || Anxiety, nervousness, tenseness, uneasiness, apprehension, worry, distress, dread ||

Reason
Are you always reasonable in your reasoning? What does that mean? No, Because at the end nothing is reasonable life isn't. but sometimes we can be reasonable like in math but then again can we be?! it means that can you make logic of your on logic?. it depends on what the subject, the time, the perceptions your using and so on. its individual reasoning and that why conflict and argues and discussions.

The Nature of Reasoning
What exactly is reasoning? its trying to make sense of something, it's individual reasoning, logic. What does the process of reasoning entail? Receptions,Brain,logic,experiences Is there good and bad reasoning? Yes. a bad reasoning will be if you say life is bad because i had one bad day. Is there a history of reasoning? Yes, ONE WORD Evolution.

Types of Reasoning
What are inductive and deductive processes of reasoning? What is informal reasoning? @http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/dedind.php - Inductive: it's when you Experience something then generalization. Ex: looking at a pink painting and assuming that a girl did it then someone proves that a boy did it which means your general though was wrong even boys use pink). - deductive: it's when you have a general idea and you experience it. f Ex: you heard that choir is great and fun to join, and then you try it out, and you don't like it. Is reasoning done to produce knowledge about something specific, or something in general? How is this done? Provide examples of each. yes, we use our perceptions and experiments to continue learning new things, for example when the first fish was discovered the first scientist had to name it and describe it and when the second fish was discovered the other scientist knew its a fish and they have to find out the kind. <span style="color: #ff0040; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What role does time play in judging the truth value of your reasoning, whether inductive or deductive? The More we experience life, the more we know. the more we reason and make mistakes, the more our reason will be better and specified. How do you know if you are doing it correctly or not? When is it valid or invalid? When is it true or false? Does it always lead to truth? Create syllogisms and let's see - visit @http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism for examples. by basing other information or experiences you had, or by using your perceptions, it might be valid if you based something that is obvious or something that you perceptions can't conform. it doesn't always lead to the truth but it aims to.

Are all types of reasoning reliable? How do you know this? Check these fallacies: let's find examples in your life of when they occur - @http://onegoodmove.org/fallacy/toc.htm

What is the relationship of reasoning to knowledge, the creation or discovery of knowledge, and ultimately, to truth?

What is the difference between empiricism and rationalism? Which do you think explains reality with greater accuracy? Provide examples of each. Visit: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rationalism-empiricism/

What sorts of things might influence reasoning?

What is the relationship of the other WOKs to reasoning?

create one of each of the following syllogisms: - I wear a black abaya wrong, she wears a black abaya, therefore it’s common to wear a black abaya, - I wear an abaya so I cover my hair, therefore people who wear abaya’s cover their hair (wrong) - I love to swim, jasmine loves to swim therefore we are friends(wrong) - Kids that are short will never grow, therefore kids never grow - I love to sing, therefore I have to have a good voice - I fall down stairs, therefore I fall down everyday Pregnant women can’t walk, pregnant women have to stay still so the baby wouldn’t fall therefore pregnant can’t hiphop dance I was born before my older sister, I saw her as a baby in a picture up therefore I must be older
 * 1) Two true premises, and a true conclusion
 * 1) One true premise, one false premise, and a true conclusion
 * 1) One true premise, one false premise and a false conclusion
 * 1) Two false premises and a true conclusion
 * 1) Two false premises and a false conclusion

Language as a Symbol

Find three words whose meaning is best suited to individual understanding, one that is best suited to group understanding, and one that is best understood universally.

Place this term on your line and write words associated with the term that helps show your understanding of it. As a challenge, place an F or an L next to your words to show if there meaning is literal, or figurative.


 * [[image:tok-a-journey:Arrow.png caption="Individual(left) ---  Group(center)  ---     Universal(right)"]] ||
 * Individual(left) 7may L --- Syrian F Group(center) --- Hp LUniversal(right) ||

- Formal-slang - Translation: from one language to anther - Interpretation of definition within relationships - Time eg: Chinese & Egyptian symbols - Migration: depending on where you live and what country - Ease - Cool (part of your identity) - Personal cods - Changes according to stuff changing (possibly technology) - Influence R u there? ASAP TTYL TYT CYA <3
 * Does language change? How? When & Why? Pink Waves **
 * How: **
 * When: **
 * Why: **
 * Examples ** :

Reflection: A routine for noticing truth occasions Key Prompts: our topic was about if language changes. our group (pink waves) clearly stated that its true that language changes through countries and time from-to: - Formal-slang - Translation: from one language to anther - Interpretation of definition within relationships - Time eg: Chinese & Egyptian symbols Which for the time in class i thought was totally right, but now thinking about it now. language doesn't truly and completely change. the definition of language is: the method of human communication
 * 1) Identify a topic or situation. Is this idea clearly true, or false, or where between the two?

so written or spoken, Indian or Arabic, 21 century or 19's. its a language. they used it to communicate. so looking from anthor view. maybe languge does not change because we use it the same way. who knows?!

What makes it so certain or uncertain? (or almost certainly true or false) it depends on the way you look at it. if you look at it as Language: Words Letters then yes. but if you look at it as a way to communicate and the message then no.

How important is it? What makes it important? (important or not so important)

important, it is after all the biggest way to communicate with humans. its important to know if it changes, because we need to go along with time and countries.

THE OTHER GROUPS:

Is language play? In what ways? Provide examples. PLUS SUNS -Language is the way we convey our perception, emotion and reason (P.E.R) to other people. -Individuals have their own language P.E.R. -“Hang on”, someone could wait or jump on you. -“I’m going to kill you!!”, the person saying it is either angry or a serial killer. -All words can be used as play or plain communication. -There is a difference between written and spoken. -Verbal language tends to be more playful while sign language is usually used as plain communication.

Is language be personal/individual or is it part of a community? STARS


 * If you think about each word carefully, it is able to fit in to each category of meanings of words, which are Individual, Shared and Common.
 * For some words, there is a cultural meaning that comes up first before the individual meaning. For example, “Cinema” in Saudi, in this culture, it is considered wrong and so, for this reason, there are no cinemas in this country.
 * The inventing of words are individual at the beginning, but common when shared. For example, Shakespeare and Newspeak in 1984. Some of their words are in the dictionary and are used in everyday language.
 * Language is a strong aspect of WOK because it gives meaning to the words and how they are viewed differently.
 * Language has both advantage and disadvantage to globalization, for example, for example when people communicate, they have different views on how companies should be developed.



Our topic involves to be in between true and false. The main reason for those because we look at different subject words, like the ones in the venn diagram above and we noticed that if thought carefully we could fit each word into both individual and universal. For example, History, it is individual when written and read by others to think about, however universal when different opinions to what really happened in the past are interpreted. Another example is music, each song is interpreted differently however it is universal when generes are placed over them, like pop, electronic, classical, rock etc.. It is however not always certain, for example time is probably very universal cause no one can stop time from happening. It is important to understand this concept of words having both individual and universal meanings because without the understanding hasty generalizations can form. For example, an easy one can be taste, when you see one person disgusted from food people immediately say that you don't want to eat it cause ut tastes bad however they should try cause everyone is different when it comes to what they like and don't like. Is there a difference between the written word and speaking or dialogue? Provide examples. SATURN


 * 1) Content makes a difference
 * 2) You can incorporate emotions into words
 * 3) Words have different meanings (literal/figurative)
 * 4) The method of how words are expressed (Tone/Volume)
 * 5) Fonts reflect different styles (bold, italics, small, big)
 * 6) Spelling and Capitalization - (Thanks vs. Thnx) (march vs. March)
 * 7) Different cultures may have different meanings to specific word.

Is language inherently literal or is it figurative? TREES <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">10 points: <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -It depends on the situation, whether a person is being serious or sarcastic <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -Confusion between literal and figurative can lead to misconceptions <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -Can be literal or figurative depending on how people would interpret it <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -People sometimes misunderstand what you say and take it literally <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -We use figurative to add humor <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -For figurative, we play with words <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -Literal is the way you describe what it is <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -Figurative is when you play with words by creating metaphors <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -Examples: <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> *Spill the beans <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -When you spill a bag of beans <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -When you tell someone the full details of a story <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> *Black eye <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -Someone's eyes (iris) are black <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -A person was punched in the face and has a black eye <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> *Blue Monday <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -The sky is blue on a Monday <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -A sad monday <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> *Rabbit's foot <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -A rabbit's foot <span style="color: #000080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -Can also mean luck

Do words represent images in our minds or some idea out there, or do they refer to real things? DAVID: (Moons) - Most of the woods can be imagined as pictures or ideas in most of people's minds, and then refer into real things.

- Words that are about real things in life that we can touch, see, hear, taste or smell, are represented in our minds as images or pictures of the thing, though the pictures can be different, but they'll talk about one thing, as long as it's about one specific meaning of the word.

- Most of the words that are imaginable refer to real things. eg.: when someone says there is a dog outside, then most of people will have the idea or the picture "Dog" in their minds, so this helps knowing the word and what does it refer to.

- Words that are about feelings or things that are not touchable or visual are usually unimaginable as pictures, and even if they are, they may not refer to real things directly. eg.: the word "Life" doesn't refer for something real by saying it just like that, but it may make some individual mean or picture for some people.

- Some people make images or ideas for different words, even if they're not real things, to help remember them or make them easier to understand, and that helps a lot building the brain and the memory, and helps making them stronger.

- Usually, words have different images inside each one's mind, so they may have the same meaning or different meanings, depends of the way the person sees or understands the word. This is very similar to the Homonym, which means words that have the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings. eg: the word "Heart", for some people it may be pictured as a human heart, others may imagine it as a love heart, and some may imagine it as the center of something.

- Words that are universal sometimes have the same picture in our minds, so the whole word will have the same picture when they hear a word like that. eg.: the word "Nine" have a picture of the number nine for most of the people. Some words may have the same picture in specific situations. eg.: the word "Sun" will have the same picture of a sun, when talking about weather or a twilight or something.

- Names that are unique, which means they're not similar to another word, are the words that have only one picture or very similar pictures in people minds, and this is for the situation when talking about a specific known person, and everyone knows that the topic is about him. eg.: "Ludacris" is a common words that will have the same picture for the same person in our mind, or similar pictures, which is the singer.

- Words that are not imaginable are understood by experience and repetition, so people also may make picture which refer to the experiment or the action, and then relate it to the word, so this type also can refer to real things, but indirectly.

- From the previous point above, we notice that the two types of words, words which can be imagined, and words which cannot, can refer to real things for most of us, but the difference is how does it refer, directly or indirectly. ALHAWRA:

y group and I did a skit to represent our idea which is each word has a universal and individual meaning or idea. The skit was that there is a student who was sleeping and when the sun raise the mother said: the sun is up. And as the student heard that he wake up quickly and start preparing for school, but then his brother saw him and told him it is a weekend. So in this skit the idea of the word SUN was the school in the student mind.

Here is our chart that we used in the visual representation

I n this chart we choose the SUN as a word that has individual meaning and universal meaning, where the sun is a light in the individual meaning and the life and new day. In the individual meaning the SUN means son when they hear the sun and that will be an example for that language is different in speaking and writing. SUN means joy for some people, and for me it is represent my last name and my individual meaning for this word is my whole family (grandfather, grandmother, uncle,....etc) As a conclusion we said that most of words has individual and universal meaning.

Her are the 10 point which explaining our answer: - Most of the words can be imagined as pictures or ideas in most of people's minds, and then refer into real things. - Words that are about real things in life that we can touch, see, hear, taste or smell, are represented in our minds as images or pictures of the thing, though the pictures can be different, but they'll talk about one thing, as long as it's about one specific meaning of the word. - Most of the words that are imaginable refer to real things. eg.: when someone says there is a dog outside, then most of people will have the idea or the picture "Dog" in their minds, so this helps knowing the word and what does it refer to. - Words that are about feelings or things that are not touchable or visual are usually unimaginable as pictures, and even if they are, they may not refer to real things directly. eg.: the word "Life" doesn't refer for something real by saying it just like that, but it may make some individual mean or picture for some people. - Some people make images or ideas for different words, even if they're not real things, to help remember them or make them easier to understand, and that helps a lot building the brain and the memory, and helps making them stronger. - Usually, words have different images inside each one's mind, so they may have the same meaning or different meanings, depends of the way the person sees or understands the word. This is very similar to the Homonym, which means words that have the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings. eg: the word "Heart", for some people it may be pictured as a human heart, others may imagine it as a love heart, and some may imagine it as the center of something. - Words that are universal sometimes have the same picture in our minds, so the whole word will have the same picture when they hear a word like that. eg.: the word "Nine" have a picture of the number nine for most of the people. Some words may have the same picture in specific situations. eg.: the word "Sun" will have the same picture of a sun, when talking about weather or a twilight or something. - Names that are unique, which means they're not similar to another word, are the words that have only one picture or very similar pictures in people minds, and this is for the situation when talking about a specific known person, and everyone knows that the topic is about him. eg.: "Ludacris" is a common words that will have the same picture for the same person in our mind, or similar pictures, which is the singer. - Words that are not imaginable are understood by experience and repetition, so people also may make picture which refer to the experiment or the action, and then relate it to the word, so this type also can refer to real things, but indirectly. - From the previous point above, we notice that the two types of words, words which can be imagined, and words which cannot, can refer to real things for most of us, but the difference is how does it refer, directly or indirectly.